zcwan

Employees or entrepreneurs?

zcwan | 15 九月, 2010 22:07

End of the World is mixed in such a long time and found that the hearts of many of my friends start a contradiction, both entrepreneurial passion to go it alone, while another tragic failure worried about the fate! So many of my friends thought for a long time and finally decided to wait and see, in January after a January, a year after another year, the passage of time, time is no longer immersed in the life of working hard to get away, get married for room, the body's economy increasingly heavy chains, no longer able to pump, and had to resign themselves to fate, working life. -

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Wenzhou in China called China's richest people, I know several young people from Wenzhou, they are still in college, the idea of the different, often talked about favorite words are: "I would rather sleep on the floor, have to do bosses "or" would rather do business earn 1,000 yuan a month, do not want to make 3,000 workers in January. " I believe these ideas in the life of their elders told them, and imperceptibly become the principle of doing things in their minds. -

These principles are some ideas, and this idea and many other places have very different ideas of thinking, even if there are similar choice, I guess a lot of friends just the opposite of their choice. But this idea is very advanced, it is this concept so unique Wenzhou, China's richest people. -

"New ideas determine"! ! ! -

Many people have heard of this sentence, but an instant that is forgotten, but I was always around the fact that the verification of this truth! My university has a female student, is the only class Wenzhou, long relatively ugly, no intention to learn, at home parents are open shoe factory, so the economic well-off point. In class exams are in the middle and lower each other, like to show off a little bit of money, very obstinate, so the boys did not chase her, despise her female students. But the girl's favorite brag about 5 years after graduation to buy BMW cars, given the future husband to do a wedding gift, others feel that she is intended to * hate her more. -

However, this behavior is not the same girl, others too busy class research, learning that something was reserve in the future Haozhaogongzuo increase knowledge, she did not like the most is to learn, like most is at the door in the College of street vendor around the commodity from the market brought in some low-quality gadgets, bark, not very profitable, then their own and sell candied fruit, do not make money themselves to buy a pressure cooker and later in the evening collapse of popcorn, the kind of two-dollar pot, so mingled graduation, even himself said that he listened to her four-year college earned a total of nearly 20,000 yuan. -

After graduation, she did not find a job directly to the Hangzhou Silk Street, with the help of relatives to open a small facade, three years is said to be rich, even when the students gathered to participate in open vehicles in the Honda. 5 years yet to come, but said she had sent to her husband's promise BMW, many students began to believe. -

Example of this reality show? -

Description of this girl's idea of more advanced, others charge the old nose strength in a newspaper, in learning, in research, she look for a business, are they not think of the future to employees, the result after a few years into the so-called graduation successful people, but college is much higher than her overall quality of the other students, or holding one or two thousand a month's wages, or just graduate school, the beleaguered find work. -

This is the different choices determine the fate of different, different thoughts determine different way! -

The girl mediocre intelligence, personality generally, people long and ugly, but the only valuable is more advanced concepts, look for a business to their own business, insists on being down than those admitted to master's and doctoral students are showing great promise. Turning back to the 80s Wenzhou and Sichuan. -

Wenzhou farmers and 80 farmers in Sichuan are the first battles of the crowd began to Wenzhou, China battles the way farmers are repairing umbrellas, pens, pan, or reselling point petty department store, word around the street. Sichuan farmers form their battles directly to work in Guangdong. 80 people are daring to come out from their battles with courage, because the era of information developed, the traffic is not convenient, people hold on to the outside world to the deep fear. Sichuan and the Wenzhou people have the courage and determination, but because of the different ideas, fortune took a different path. -

29 years later, Wenzhou, farmers have become the most wealthy people, they have mastered the most advanced business skills to absorb their wealth to their descendants can even go abroad to Europe to do business; and the first generation of farmers working in Sichuan who has retired from the stage of history, most of them are in Sichuan, home to a poor life, and their juniors follow the father's footsteps and continue to swarm the crowd to Guangzhou for the cruel exploitation of the bosses, become one of the poorest class of people. -

What does that indicate? As the father of the choice of different, not only affect themselves, but also affect their offspring! Wenzhou farmers work hard to completely get rid of their own and future generations of poverty, and hard-working farmers in Sichuan in exchange for the children sad endless sorrow and poverty.
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Ideas determine, again validated! -

Zhejiang people in out of an economist, is terrific, he summed up the Zhejiang people's work philosophy: "I would rather do business the wolf, do not do working dog", the words of the very extreme of course, many workers are not willing to listen to friends, But we think about it, This guy really have a point if it. -

Wolf in search of freedom, rather independent personality, freedom of thought, running every day in the prairie, the indiscriminate killing sheep, enjoy nature as much as possible to provide all the delicious, eat after lay on the grass, what are not, enjoy the sunshine and free air, they are masters of grasslands, their plenty of dignity. But when the cold comes, they must learn to resist the blizzard of cold, thick snow learn to hunt for prey below, often bear the pain of hunger, always worried about their Donge died. Wolf's life can be described as half water, half fire. -

Dog's life on the contrary, usually a dog owner can only eat scraps left, was the owner yelling around busily, no freedom, no dignity, only the fawning, the dog's life is guaranteed, although not always eat what delicious, but do not worry about going hungry when winter cold, a master of the fart care, dogs are deeply grateful, swear allegiance to the next life is still the main man, even if the dog owner who wanton beatings, dogs are also usually not utter a word, obedient and docile as a dog who sign. Compromises the dog tags were, in order to stabilize the livelihood of the old time for themselves to have a fixed rations, everything considered it! -

If the real-life comparison of people, it is estimated that most of us are living a dog's life, stable and comfortable, but never enough to eat, to leave the host family's kennel, but the most drastic lack of courage! -

I was real young people's career choices are mostly made working dog, not to do business wolf. Probably many friends will say, just out of school students, where there is the capital and experience to start it? The best option is to go to companies working years, the reserve point of experience and capital, and then have the opportunity a few years, then re their own business. -

In fact, this idea proved to be very wrong, a college student flat after a few years of work, not only need to make any venture money, it is unable to learn entrepreneurial experience and skills. Working career, learned of the venture is basically useless, because the angle between the two different ways of thinking different, the experience gained experience is different, only so that the only thing you get after a few years working to improve the working technical skills, but business is that most do not need technical skills of. -

Even more frightening is that after working a few years, young people generally lose the passion of business, loss of a brave young bull and the courage to indulge in more and more units have become addicted, then the idea of entrepreneurship can only stay in my heart forever become a permanent regret. Until the age to 40 when dismissed by the boss, why do not regret it 20 years ago out of their own business ah! -

So what do the requirements of business Gaobu Gao wolf? -

My answer is: as long as the idea of a wolf to do business, even if your pocket is only 100 yuan, you can start a successful business as usual! -

Early generation of Wenzhou people doing business out of the pockets of a few money? Not rely on eggs for the first money earned for wok Well. Your pocket is only 100, at least put a stall in the street, selling socks, winter gloves or the like, what the summer selling pineapple, well-funded can Gaoge after a little like barbecue, anyway, less money and then can also go on the entrepreneurial road, the key do you want to start to see wolves? -

Working life and business life certainly is not the same. -

A long time, workers of the character and the character of entrepreneurs will be more and more different. -

We ask ourselves, working a long time friend from time to time think more about the outcome, fear of the strange outside world, fear of unemployment, the risk of becoming more sensitive and vulnerable soul. Mentality is not only gradually tired and lazy, not a whole person and your spirit and the spirit, had to console myself contented, indifferent to fame and fortune. But life becomes more and more commonplace, more and more heavy financial burden of families, houses and children's education is becoming their economic rope around his neck, Le's increasingly tight, breathe, had to adjust their attitude, so that small reptiles gradually adapt their city location, their inherently mediocre, ignorant of why self-disturbance, wealth is what people on, we did not order it. -

The first thing most feared than hear the company's poor performance, to the news of layoffs, most important thing and good relations with the leadership, insisted learning flatter flattering compliment, Romans Well. Thinking of numb, only follow the crowd, after all, their jobs or bosses in the leadership of the palm inside, want you to get out, you have to get out. -

The second thing most feared, is to see their growing age, but his skills are not given any increase, while relying on the old pay more and more qualifications, but looking at those new guys, young college students, The dynamics of work, but as long as it wages a little, beat the boss in the ears, look at young people to eat less dry and more, all you old revolution to die in Vietnam, Laos and Vietnam. No wonder, the results of the working career is the older the more value, especially to the 40-50 age group, is simply the most tragic phase of the cause, always the brink of the abyss, as the trip minefield, easily laid off. -

Some people say that blue-collar workers laid off over the past 10 years is the peak of the next 10-20 years will be the peak of white-collar workers laid off, you have an own elite of the time a college is? Society progresses, your knowledge structure, physical, occupational concept long as people just graduated college student. Boss is a reality, certainly the first cut in times of crisis that the white-collar workers age 40-50. -

So you now have a stable job, you feel safe, in fact, and in such a time bomb by your side, until 10 years later, it will explode, then you probably suffer from unemployment and the cost of cruel than it is now 100 times . -

Then the entrepreneur's personality traits what is it? -

I have a good personal relationship relatives, now has a billionaire, and he is 39 years old. Originally Veterans and later specialized into a state unit of the beginning is always bullied, personality and strong sea career in his choice to resign. Have family property at 100 million years later, the Spring Festival gathering, our relatives, he told me: "XX, you are the highest academic family we also teaching at the university, told me how much annual income is" My honest answer: "Annual income of less than 50,000 yuan. " He continued: "I have observed a phenomenon, the company of those staff working for my middle school learning than I am, so the worst is secondary education, I really Pinlelaoming year high school for three years, but with the secondary also pass the test, and had to join the army, so they are educated intellectuals who are respected, that their high intelligence, work ability. But I turned out to be their boss, to provide them with jobs, this is also contrary to I have bargained for. "

Is this why? -

He went on to analyze: "I think a person's success depends on three commercial unemployment, that we usually talk about IQ, EQ and CQ, but a real talent, he should do the importance of the three companies ordered: CQ First , EQ the second, third IQ, education and training out of the current so-called Chinese people are very one-sided, only people in first class superior IQ, EQ and CQ but not included. and the school may be just out of the crowd contains a large number of business people, so China's education, especially higher education is largely reverse out of the graduates produced mostly Gaofendineng of mediocre products, although intelligent, but weak timid, not good communication, Under the social viability of very low. "

I heard my relatives, then, surprise. His words seemed really makes sense Yeah! -

I think carefully about a bit, the reality seems to do so, courageous in the struggle for existence than the smart people often have an advantage Yeah. -

The smart people are often timid, and the courageous people who are not too smart. -

Another interesting phenomenon is that more and more people reading the more intelligent, but the more people the chance to read, often the less daring, do something like think twice, but those who read the first few people like action After thinking, but these actions are often the first to successfully strong. -

IQ measured from the point of view, China is the highest intellectual level of a group of people, often called the Master Prof. Dr. groups, most of them to work and survive in college, but these so-called China's most intelligent group of people in the overall income level is not high, Dr. Gao Xiaodi now a regular annual income of 50,000 yuan, MA 40000 yuan, professors would be unlikely to more than 80,000 yuan (this is where I colleges and universities in Jiangsu area)

This is a phenomenon worth studying: the most intelligent but far from the highest income groups, and even the company's senior white-collar workers do not like. -

Finally, I would like to come to the conclusion: there is no use studying! -

Primary and secondary schools, study and to test into a good university, university study and to find a good job, but the social reality is that people learn better career income is not high. In fact, the surface facing the reality of business risk is much higher than the wage, but from the long view, risks of higher wage. -

Business risk is the expected loss of wage income in recent years, and even bankruptcy have to pay into their own money to take part, but after all the young, to keep on fighting and draw nutrients from the failure and experience level and ability in business every time high, and gradually integrated into groups of business people after the vision and experience accumulated over time, there is always a quantitative change to qualitative change in the breakthrough into the business as long as the real door, basically the cause of the future is clear for everyone. More earn more money, more and more accumulation of wealth, their value can get the maximum expression. -

Instead, his career continued working down the last few years did without incident, but you devaluation and in fact constantly shrinking, not growing strong. Working longer, you will be more timid, more timid, 10 years later, a slight mistake, you can be fired squid, unemployment, layoffs, and you look at the risk of one? -

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Concept determines how you select, choose and decide what you set foot on the road, take the road which determines your future life course and outcome. -

The ancients said: "afraid of the wrong men, women fear to marry the wrong husband," this sentence is actually very profound. 365 World Bank, in fact, can do trekking, but also a person chosen to do business and have chosen to work in the future of the difference between a great, really too! -

If you choose a working career, you may never lucky in the future can cook over Jinling, hundreds of thousands of annual income, however, if you are unfortunate and do a low-level white-collar workers, perhaps only one or two thousand dollars a month, pork prices estimate your family can not afford to eat pork, eggs, estimated prices in your house have to eat eggs, even if such a humble life, always keep in mind also the fear, fear of unemployment. -

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If you choose a business career, you may never lucky in the future China's wealthy class people can do, you can easily contribute some hope that the school, from time to time to enjoy golf and private yachts; ability to not do business if you can only open a grocery store, even in the vegetable market selling a tofu, Chinese cabbage or something, you earn a one or two thousand dollars, and low-level white-collar workers had about the same time. But you are not afraid of unemployment, because every day to buy tofu, buy cabbage, which in turn is stronger than the place where white-collar life. -

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Can see different ideas, different choices; different results, different life. Today get a haircut, or the old barber shop, cut a flat head 5 yuan, I was his old customers. The barber shop is located inside the alley in front of my house, about an area of 15 square meters, only 350 yuan monthly rent, plus utilities, no more than 500 yuan per month. -

35-year-old owner of a barber Nantong countryman, 10 years ago to make a living with his wife to Yangzhou, the barber school in the country rely on skill, even to take root in Yangzhou, the raising of two children, also bought an old Zhaizi . -

I am very familiar with him, he is Jack of all trades, each time to Barber likes to listen to his boasting, also considered an important way to understand the news. He proudly told me, Yangzhou Rhine Garden District house in the past three months, up 900 yuan per square meter, and I said that has nothing to do with our poor people,

But he told me the mysterious, with him, I am curious to ask if he where he has property? -

He told me years ago when the first floor of the street, where he bought a place 60 square meters of shops, when the value of 500,000, has now risen to almost 800,000, and he was 300,000 down payment, mortgage loans 200,000, the house hand soon after the simple decoration households rented to a private clinic, called woody clinic, on the Rhine in Yangzhou Yanfu East District Court on the roadside, went to Yangzhou locals can see clearly. He told me just to pay his rent, loans, and now he is no economic pressure, the only dream is to do another 20 years, retire and enjoy life. -

I am very surprised, thought so little of one of his barber shop, barber usually the only person, by my count, not more than 2000 yuan a month to make money, and working less, but buy a house according to his calculation of financial strength, He should be earning 6-7 million a year, average monthly income in 5000-6000 dollars, I immediately asked him whether the average monthly income of 5,000 yuan, he just smiled, did not answer, no no. -

I could not help feeling that many of our small business that do not make money, even when they are dealing with the poor who have low incomes, who know many obscure small businesses a higher income than our family is much higher wage. -

Recently some organizations in the American people in an experiment to investigate their views of the Chinese people.
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The results are mostly negative impression, of course, have a good impression, to correct the attitude of the spirit of learning, benefits Zan did not say, only said shortcomings. -

1, Chinese people lack the quality of integrity and responsibility

2, shown most Chinese people are selfish and utilitarian features

3, Chinese people do not advocate a valuable qualities: adventure. -

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It seems in addition to two well-known outside of 1,2, the Chinese actually the most important quality is the lack of adventure. No wonder the lives of ordinary people in China can only feel mediocre and boring, humble and despair, the key is to risk missing important ingredients. -

Increased risk only in life that good medicine, a person in order to restore passion, fighting back to the arena of life as a warrior in the performance! -

Warriors will get God's blessing and reward! -

In fact, risk is a good quality far the most scarce. -

Many people worry that after the failure of risk will reduce their quality of life. -

But that is only temporary, as long as the adhere to keep on fighting and eventually risk than the average person gains more than big. -

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Ideas determine, action decision. -

Most people are used to do a giant doers. -

The more people with high IQs more vulnerable to this paradox, it is difficult to extricate themselves. -

It seems God is fair, given wisdom, while often deprived him of his courage. -

So enjoy the wonderful world of life people are always a few. -

A well-known economist and China asked the question: "In order to maintain a normal life, workers order to feast, to live a normal, happy life, life in the end was how much money?"

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Assuming normal circumstances, we graduated from birth to adulthood at 22 years old, we have been fortunate to work until 60, so we working on his general professional life of 38 years, this 38 years to prepare for our future struggle If we can live to 80 years old, 60 to 80 years old as 20 years, if our monthly living expenses of 1,000 yuan and 500 yuan in medical expenses per month reserve expenses (because at that time the disease will frequently patronize and haunt us), it must be to have 360,000 yuan of pension reserve fund, which has hardly more than 80 years of age that we are part of the costs too! In this way, we know how much money was enough for her. Assumes that the monetary value of stability, not inflation, under the premise of the large number of professional managers to maintain a simple life and living, earned 4,000 yuan is enough (should have a basic premise is that the housing is not the problem), in which 2000 dollars for current monthly living expenses, pension reserves for spending 1,000 yuan, 500 yuan for medical expenses in old age, reserve expenditure, 500 yuan for investment in their children's education costs. -

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If the working people for the current standard of living of 2000 yuan per month is also full of fear, if we earn is not enough of 4,000 yuan, then our future life in the end be like it? If we still intend to invest in projects intended to further studies, plan to stay home more beautiful, like to travel abroad, then this number is not enough on, and now our parents have units can depend on, have not been deleted stir the conscience of our generation's children Kam Bo help, a colleague friend's warm, there is community concern and care, but if you wait until we are 23 years later, waiting for our more look like a situation? ! -

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Not long ago, one of my friends told me about a true story: Early this spring, friends, accompanied by his 72-year-old father came to Wuhan to visit relatives, is unexpected is about to return when the old father burst Therefore, illness, collapsed to the ground, will quickly help 120 patients to Wuhan Tongji Hospital for emergency treatment, emergency treatment in the emergency room several hours later, the elderly finally out of danger, the hospital said that patients with multiple organ failure, their physical condition is very bad , condition is very complex, requiring long-term residential treatment and observation, but now the backbone of Tongji Hospital, doctors are at rest, the limited power of the medical aid requested that the family received as soon as possible to rescue the elderly back to the local hospital and observed. As the elderly can not fly after the operation, they can not ride the train, the hospital proposed a new lease of Wuhan Tongji Hospital ambulance imports, and the family immediately agreed, in order to ensure the safety of the elderly care program enabled an ambulance, besides oxygen, blood transfusion and other hardware equipment, specially equipped with a doctor and two nurses, and finally back to the local security to the elderly, then they quickly moved into the best local arrangements for a large hospital, he asked the experts to find the best doctor for rescue and medical treatment. After more than three months old and carefully nursed back to health after adjuvant therapy, disease control and gradually getting better and better, now you can get up. -

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Here, friends undaunted, and now we good condition, have the ability, luck Well old father than his aging mother (friend's mother, whose condition had deteriorated a few years ago is the last death), finished out of the costs of the elderly patient in front of me shook his bill, I took to see the long Liu Shuizhang single aggregate column clearly labeled Total cost: 247,900 yuan whole. Friends with a sigh, and finally added, That is not to Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, the days of hospitalization and surgical expenses 50,000 yuan, leasing Tongji Hospital ambulance 20,000 yuan, but still do not know how much the next , the body can only hope that the rehabilitation of the elderly. . . -

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Sheng said of his writer won kidney, had to experience life-sustaining hemodialysis said: "The high cost of dialysis is rarely able to self-commitment, Sim and I have the support of the social aspects, otherwise unthinkable. Otherwise, what? first slowly suffocate (a little money), and second, quickly suffocate (no money). However, suffocate in the process are the same brutal, body gradually swelling, breathing became increasingly difficult, sense of grotesque if elsewhere, as if everything around in the venom soak in gradually turn cold. But that is not the worst feeling the worst feeling is: Your loved ones in the side of the watch as you look at this painful process, but also helpless.

Many people are very lofty, think about money too vulgar, how much is enough you? -

In fact, countries like China with no protection, no wealth and freedom, you can not separate personality, you Bujin not for your wife, children, parents Tigong stable life to protect, even when they encounter Ji Bing's threat, because you did not enough money had to watch as a loved one leave. -

So to get a decent life, you have to learn to make money in the young! -

The above reasons that everyone understands why only a few people come out to start, most people still continue to indulge in the working career become addicted? -

We have to describe the mentality of those who continue to migrant workers. -

They said their mouths have been waiting patiently, and other real chance. Wise thought, think twice. They have been waiting for conditions to mature flowering even further down, but until now, there is no wait time, conditions are not mature, the quality of real life or has not been changed. -

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I remember there is a very pessimistic Greek folk songs: "Apollo is a warrior, he was able to blow down ferocious enemy, but he could not reverse his fate. Prometheus is a god of wisdom, he was able to fire without the knowledge of Zeus stole out to teach those poor people to see light, and he himself been an eagle peck at the heart and liver, which is the fate of his jokes! "This is the power of people think they can not overcome their own destiny, to change the reality of the case . -

For others, doing odd jobs to make ends meet until the workers do not want to change my friends are not real life, but also a sense of urgency, also want to change their "poor" look, but there is always fear, because no independent grasp the experience of their own destiny and experience like a person who has never used the computer for fear that pressed the wrong button, the computer switches and burned out, took a hard knock bad keyboard, or an Internet virus will experience the same. There is not such terrible things, for fear of computer users, the most important thing is plugged in, then turn the boot just fine. -

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Of course, we as employees in the workplace is always responsibility on the work itself, on the business owner is responsible, so the conditions are such, but actually to promote consumption of these conditions often have a lot of energy, a lot of time delay, and sometimes did not wait until conditions are ripe, the surrounding environment has changed, the old conditions have not reached, a new problem has cropped up, and the result was a loss, which eventually led to nothing. Therefore, migrant workers, the most important thing is to understand that action must be thinking! -

旋挖钻机工艺样式

zcwan | 16 八月, 2010 01:31

(二)旋挖钻机施工工艺1、旋挖钻机施工工艺。施工工艺详见框图5.3.51)施工准备场地准备,包括围堰筑岛,场地平整,测设桩位,并设置护桩,以校核桩位的准确性。旋挖钻机由于成孔速度快,为防止停机待料,要做好施工计划,从技术、设备、材料供应给予保障。2)钻孔作业程序①钻机就位后,将钻头对准桩位中心,装配好绞刀片,按钻机仪表提供的数据对钻杆中心、垂直度进行调整,要求最后定位时钻杆中心与护筒中心重合,然后进行钻孔。②当钻孔达到一定深度时,压入护筒。根据现场地质情况,护筒长度一般高为24m。护筒埋设前应设护桩,拉十字线,以便埋设护筒后复位,确保桩位的正确,护筒中心偏差不得大于50mm,同时测量护筒上部标高。护筒埋设后,周围应用粘土捣实,应确保护筒周围不漏水,以免塌孔。③拆除绞刀片,往孔内注入泥浆做护壁稳定液,需要时再注入聚丙醯烯胺稳定液。泥浆制备及循环采用NE525泥浆自理器来完成,泥浆比重控制在1.151.2之间,并根据不同的地质情况随时进行调整。④钻孔开始后,开启液压传动器加压,钻杆正转下沉,切削土体钻进,提升钻杆将土体弃出孔外,同时将泥浆注入孔内,钻进过程中要保持泥浆水位高于地下水位,以免塌孔。⑤特殊地质细砂层的钻进

在对细砂层钻进过程中,钻头提升须缓慢,钻杆转速减到低档,配合聚丙醯胺稳定液施工,通过钻头的离心力,使该高分子材料凝聚在孔壁,使孔壁形成一层富有韧

性的胶合薄膜,使孔内泥浆不会渗漏,防止孔壁崩塌,达到稳定钻进的效果。⑥当钻机深度达到设计要求时,对孔深、孔径、孔位和孔形等进行检查、确认满足设计要求后,立即填写终孔检查证,并经驻地监理工程师认可,方可进行孔底清理并灌注水下砼的准备工作。⑦钻孔终止后对孔底的处理钻孔终止后,停留2030分钟待残渣沉淀后,换用清孔钻头,缓慢下落,清除孔底残渣,以防钻渣浮起,达不到清孔效果。⑧清孔后再对钻孔进行检查,钻孔应符合表5.3.4的允许偏差,清孔后的泥浆性能指标:含砂率小于4%,比重1.05-1.2,粘度17-20S。不得用加深孔深来代替清孔。(3)桩基钢筋骨架、水下砼施工方法同前。()钻孔桩施工注意事项1、钻进过程中,要及时掌握钻孔深度,根据地质层变化,及时调整钻进压力、钻进速度和适宜的泥浆稠度,以防钻进不利地层时塌孔。2、钻进中应随时注意地层变化,在地层变化处均应留取碴样,判断地质类别,记入记录表中,并与设计院提供的地质剖面图相对照。碴样编号保存,以便分析备查。3、辅助吊钓吊装钢筋笼时,要注意防止和钻机相撞,否则会损坏钻机,或使钢筋笼变形,导致钢筋笼安放困难。灌注水下砼时随时测量砼高度。保证导管提升不能过猛,防止导管下部压力过大拉断导管,同时也防止将导管提离砼面,造成断桩。

4、泥浆弃运方式主要是:“以土代浆”,即先在地界内适当位置挖足够大的泥浆沉淀池,把挖池土方弃运走,使钻孔桩排放出的泥浆入池。根据具体作业实际情况,此法如有困难,可以将排入池或及时沉淀后的渣运走,以达到现场整洁,文明施工,保护环境的目的。

 参考网站:www.hz-vislord.com  

旋挖钻机钻孔桩施工方案

zcwan | 16 八月, 2010 01:26

一、桩基施工总体情况1、桥梁钻孔桩工程广泛采用机械化施工,以旋挖钻机为主,冲击钻为附;旋挖钻机具有成孔速度快、施工效率高、移动灵活方便、不使用循环泥浆、产生废浆少、对环境污染小的特点,特别适合于本工程较为松软的地层,为桩基施工的首选机械。本桥桩基工程量巨大、工期紧迫,拟投入3BauerBG22BauerBG15型旋挖钻机作为桩基施工的主要设备,另外,配备5台冲击旋钻机作为桩基施工的备用设备,全面展开施工,用2个月的时间完成钻孔灌注桩施工。跨越鱼塘地段,采用围堰筑岛。2、泥浆处理:由于本工程地下水位高且地层中大多存在淤泥层、粉砂、细砂层,旋挖钻机施工时,需采用静态泥浆护壁,保证孔壁的稳定。在现场每个墩身位置根据泥浆用量设一个泥浆拌合池和泥浆存放池。废弃的泥浆,存于场内的泥浆池内,用泥浆罐车倒运到指定的弃渣场。3、下钢筋笼、灌注混凝土:钢筋笼在现场钢筋加工厂内集中制作、一次绑扎成型,535t250t汽车吊整体吊装就位,水下混凝土采用导管法连续灌注。混凝土采用输送车运输。4.桩基检测:桩基灌筑完毕后,对各墩台钻孔桩采用无破损法逐根进行完整性检测。5确定旋挖钻施工各种地质下钻孔桩的各项施工工艺参数,检测成孔后桩径随时间的变化情况。

二、钻孔桩施工方法本大桥的桩基穿过土层主要为粉土、粉质黏土、黏土、粉砂岩、砂岩。本桥大部分为旱地桩基础,沿线分布有数量较多的鱼塘。根据地形和水位情况,可采用填土筑岛、草袋围堰方法施工。1.旋挖钻成孔根据地质条件、工期要求、机械设备配备状况,结合桩基设计参数,确定本工程钻孔灌注桩成孔以旋挖钻机为主,以回旋钻机为辅,混凝土采用拌合站集中生产,钢筋笼一次绑扎成型、整体吊装,导管法灌注水下混凝土。2、工艺选择及设备选型工艺选择:该工程钻孔施工主要采用旋挖钻钻孔方式、湿法成孔施工。结合本工程钻孔桩的地质情况、数量多、工期紧等综合因素,钻头采用旋挖斗钻头,清孔时采用旋挖捞砂钻头。设备选型:根据上述情况和我公司的施工经验,选择德国产的Bauer BG22BG15型钻机,其中BG22型钻机2台,钻孔深度可达70m3、施工方法场地平整及钻机就位。液压多功能旋挖钻机就位时与平面最大倾角不超过4°,现场地面承载能力大于250kN/m2所以钻机平台处必需碾压密实。进行桩位放样,将钻机行驶到要施工的孔位,调整桅杆角度,操作卷扬机,将钻头中心与钻孔中心对准,并放入孔内,调整钻机垂直度参数,使钻杆垂直,同时稍微提升钻具,确保钻头环刀自

由浮动孔内。4、钢护筒埋置深度以能隔开流塑状地层为主要原则。具体埋置深度还应满足计算结果,且有安全系数,根据水文地质条件、施工水位、河床深度、护筒内泥浆容重和施工情况等通过计算确定。钢护筒分节加工,顶部和底部各1m范围作加强箍。每节护筒连接采用坡口焊,以减少护筒振埋时的阻力。钢护筒运至施工现场后,质监人员须对钢护筒的直径、圆度和焊接质量进行验收,验收合格后方可进行施工。5、钻进过程中,操作人员随时观察钻杆是否垂直,并通过深度计数器控制钻孔深度。当旋挖斗钻头顺时针旋转钻进时,底板的切削板和筒体翻板的后边对齐。钻屑进入筒体,装满一斗后,钻头逆时针旋转,底板由定位块定位并封死底部的开口,之后,提升钻头到地面卸土。开始钻进时采用低速钻进,主卷扬机钢丝绳承担不低于钻杆、钻具重量之和的20%,以保证孔位不产生偏差。钻进护筒以下3m可以采用高速钻进,钻进速度与压力有关,采用钻头与钻杆自重摩擦加压,150MPa压力下,进尺速度为20cm/min200MPa压力下,进尺速度为30cm/min260MPa压力下,进尺速度为50cm/min6、泥浆采用膨润土、火碱以及纤维素混合而制,在泥浆池中用搅浆机将泥浆搅拌好后,泵入孔内,旋挖钻均匀缓慢钻进,这样既钻进又起到泥浆护壁的作用。钻进时掌握好进尺速度,随时注意观察孔内情况,及时补加泥浆保持液面高度。泥浆制备应注意两个方面:一是泥浆的指标问题,其比重一般应控制在1.051.2之间,粘度控制在1720s 砂率控制在4%以内。常用的泥浆材料,一般使用优质澎润土加烧碱、聚丙稀酰胺或纤维素等配置;二是补浆的速度,泥浆补充一般采用泵送方式,其速度以保证液面始终在护筒面以上为标准,否则有可能造成塌孔,影响成孔质量。7、用捞砂钻头将沉淀物清出孔位。要求沉碴厚度不大于10cm。在灌注水下混凝土前,用高压水吹底翻渣,进一步减少桩底沉碴厚度。8、钻孔前先用水准仪确定护筒标高,并以此作为基点,按设计要求的孔底标高计算孔深,以钻具长度确定孔深,孔深偏差不短于设计深度,超钻深度不大于50cm;孔径用检孔器测量,若出现缩径现象应进行扫孔,符合要求后方可进行下道工序。7-2-2   钻孔桩钻孔允许误差表
序号 项目 允许偏差(mm
1 孔径 不小于设计孔径
2 孔深 不小于设计孔深
3 孔位中心偏心 群桩 100
单排桩 50
4 倾斜度 1%*孔深
5 浇筑混凝土前桩底沉碴厚度 100
三、钻孔异常处理1、坍孔处理钻孔过程中发生坍孔后,要查明原因进行分析处理,可采用加深埋护筒等措施后继续钻进。根据现场情况也可在泥浆中加入大量的干锯末,同时增大泥浆比重(控制在1.151.4之间),改善其孔壁结构。钻头每次进入液面时,速度要非常缓慢,等钻头完全进入浆液后,再匀速下到孔底,每次提钻速度控制在0.30.5m/s坍孔严重时,

应回填重新钻孔。2、缩孔处理钻孔发生弯孔缩孔时,一般可将钻头提到偏孔处进行反复扫孔,直到钻孔正直,如发生严重弯孔和探头石时,应采用小片石或卵石与黏土混合物,回填到偏孔处,待填料沉实后再钻孔纠偏。3、埋钻和卡钻处理埋钻主要发生在一次进尺太多和在砂层中泥浆沉淀过快;卡钻则主要发生在钻头底盖合拢不好,钻进过程中自动打开或在卵石地层钻进时,卵石掉落卡钻等。埋钻或卡钻发生后,在钻头周围肯定沉淀了大量的泥浆,形成很大的侧阻力。因此处理方案应首先消除阻力,严禁强行处理,否则有可能造成钻杆扭断、动力头受损等更严重的事故。事故发生后,应保证孔内有足够的泥浆,保持孔内压力,稳定孔壁防止坍塌,为事故处理奠定基础。四、钢筋笼制作、安装1、制作钢筋笼采用劲型骨架在现场钢筋加工厂制作。在加强箍上等间距标出主筋位置,先将68根主筋依次逐根焊接在加强箍上,形成钢筋骨架,随后将其它主筋均匀焊接到钢筋骨架上,形成整个骨架,最后,将箍筋按设计图纸间距点焊在钢筋骨架上。2、根据钢筋笼的上下位置布置主筋的接头位置,绑扎时要求每个接头断面的接头数量不得多于主筋数量的50%,钢筋笼必须严格按设计图纸制作,焊缝要平整、光滑、密实、无气泡、无包渣。钢筋笼 钢筋 骨架偏差见下表:钢筋笼骨架偏差表
序号 项目 允许偏差
1 钢筋骨架在承台底以下长度 ±100
2 钢筋骨架直径 ±10
3 主钢筋间距 ±10
4 加强箍间距 ±10
5 箍筋间距或螺旋筋间距 ±20
6 钢筋骨架垂直度 骨架长度1%
3、安装钢筋笼利用吊机整体吊装到孔内,钢筋笼上口到达护筒口上方时,用型钢扁担将钢筋笼搁置在护筒上。由于钢筋笼较长,且要求整体一次吊装,所以必须考虑到起吊和移位时的钢筋笼变形控制。为了保证钢筋笼起吊时不变形,宜用两点吊。第一吊点设在骨架的下部,第二吊点设在骨架长度的中点到上三分之二点之间。起吊时,先提第一吊点,使骨架稍提起,再与第二吊点同时起吊。随着第二吊点不断上升,慢慢放松第一吊点,直到骨架与地面或平台垂直,停止第一吊点起吊,用劲形骨架固定。吊放钢筋笼入孔时应对准孔位轻放、慢放入孔,入孔后应徐徐下放。若遇阻力应停止下放,查明原因进行处理。严禁高起猛落、碰撞和强行下放。为保证钢筋笼竖向轴线垂直度及混凝土保护层厚度,应在钢筋笼外周采用焊接钢筋耳环或绑扎与桩基混凝土同标号预制块形式进行控制。

钢筋笼入孔后,按设计要求检查安放位置并作好记录。符合要求后,钢筋笼上端可采取钢筋连接加长4根主筋的措施,延至孔口定位,防止钢筋笼因自重下落或灌注混凝土时往上窜动造成错位。桩身混凝土灌注完毕,达到初凝后即可解除钢筋笼的固定措施。4、钢筋笼上浮的处理钢筋笼上浮发生于灌注混凝土的导管位于钢筋笼底部或更下方而混凝土埋管深度已经较大时,此时钢筋笼靠自身重力及孔壁的摩擦力来抵抗混凝土上顶力、摩擦力及泥浆的浮力,一旦失去平衡,钢筋笼就会上浮。为防止钢筋笼上浮,应加强观察,以便及时发现问题,并在钢筋笼顶施加竖向的约束,如将钢筋笼顶部钢筋接长,焊于护筒顶部,一方面阻止钢筋笼上浮,另一方面可悬挂住钢筋笼,以保证钢筋笼的垂直度。发现钢筋笼上浮之后,应立即停止灌注混凝土,查明原因及程度。如钢筋笼上浮不严重,则检查钢筋笼底及导管底的准确位置,拆除一定数量的导管,使导管底升至钢筋笼底上方后可恢复灌注;如上浮严重,应立即通过吸渣等方式清理已灌注的混凝土,另行处理。五、水下混凝土灌注1、配合比选定水下混凝土的试配等级应比设计等级拌制,水灰比不大于0.35,配合比中掺入外加剂,坍落度宜控制在1822cm2、初灌量

水下混凝土灌注采用导管法,混凝土灌注应在钢筋笼吊放完成,各项检测数据合格后立即开始,钻孔桩灌注前,应计算初灌的灌注量,确保初灌埋管的成功。3、导管要求导管的内径为300mm,长度一般2m,最下端一节导管长应为4.56m,不得短于4m,为了配备适合的导管柱长度,上部导管长为1m0.5m。导管采用游轮螺母连接,橡胶“O”型密封圈密封,严防漏水。导管初次使用时应做水密承压力试验,进行水密试验的水压不小于井孔内水深1.5倍的压力。以保证密封性能可靠和在水下作业时导管不渗漏,以后每次灌注前更换密封圈。导管吊放入孔时,应将橡胶圈或胶皮垫安放周正、严密,确保密封良好。导管在桩孔内的位置应保持居中,防止导管跑管,撞坏钢筋笼并损坏导管;导管底部距孔底(或孔底沉渣面)高度,以能放出隔水塞和混凝土为度,一般为250400mm。导管全部入孔后,计算导管柱总长和导管底部位置,并作好记录。4、混凝土灌注混凝土采用拌合站集中拌合,输送车运至桩位,汽车吊配合灌注。采用砍球法灌注混凝土,确认初存量备足后,即可剪断隔水塞铁丝,灌入首批混凝土。同时,观察孔内返浆情况,测定埋管深度并作好记录。首批混凝土灌注正常后,要紧凑地、连续不断地进行,严禁中途停工。灌注过程中,应经常用测锤探测混凝土面的上升高度,并适时

提升拆卸导管,保持导管的合理埋深。导管的埋深应不小于2m,但最大埋深不宜超过6m随着孔内混凝土的上升,需逐节拆除导管,拆下的导管应立即洗刷干净。灌注接近桩顶部位时,为了严格控制桩顶标高,应计算混凝土的需要量,严格控制最后一次混凝土灌入量。 5、连续灌注混凝土灌注过程中,配备发电机,保证混凝土灌注连续进行,同时应将井孔内溢出的泥浆引至泥浆循环池回收利用,防止污染环境。水下灌注桩的混凝土面应高出设计0.5m1.0m,以便凿除浮浆与桩头,确保桩身混凝土质量。6、灌注时堵管现象的处理(1)组装导管时要仔细、认真,防止橡皮垫圈突入导管内,以至卡住隔水塞,使混凝土下不去。(2)在灌注过程中,也会出现灌注混凝土下不去的现象,此时,应少量提起灌注导管,然后再迅速插入,如此反复可解决堵管问题。(3)对浇筑用的机械设备事先要检查,同时应有备用设备,使混凝土浇筑不致中断。(4)严格控制混凝土的原材料规格,防止超粒径碎石混入管内。保持良好的和易性。(5)控制混凝土在导管中停留时间,每罐不得大于30min7、桩头处理与桩基检测

桩基达到设计强度的70%以后,即可进行桩头处理。按设计要求逐根采用无破损检测法对桩基进行整体性检验,检验合格后才能进入下道施工工序。  参考项目:www.hz-vislord.com

恭喜!

zcwan | 16 八月, 2010 01:21

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